A Comprehensive Review of Recent Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading

To operate photovoltaic (PV) systems efficiently, the maximum available power should always be extracted. However, due to rapidly varying environmental conditions such as irradiation, temperature, and shading, determining is a time-varying problem. extract track optimal point under these conditions, tracking (MPPT) techniques are proposed. The application of MPPT for extracting plays crucial role in developing efficient PV systems. These face several issues limitations, particularly during partial shading caused by non-uniform conditions. Researchers have been focusing more on mitigating condition last few years need improve output efficiency. This paper provides an overview MPPTs proposed literature uniform broadly categorized MPPT-based circuit-based methods. methods classified conventional, soft computing, hybrid techniques. A critical analysis each approach regarding speed, algorithm complexity, dynamic discussed. shows strategies provide fast-tracking speed with efficiency around 99% compared conventional methods; however, their design practical implementation complex. comprehensive review aims utilities researchers reference guideline select best method normal operation partially shaded based effectiveness economic feasibility.